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DRSSTC

Dual resonant solid state Tesla coil

articles

Dual resonant solid state Tesla coil

A DRSSTC tunes the primary as well as the secondary and drives it in bursts, so the current in the tank is measured in hundreds of amps while the average power stays modest. That trade is what makes the timing questions sharp: a switch that opens in the wrong part of the cycle turns the whole design into a heater.

tap any part

220 V ACRECTIFIERDC BUSFULLBRIDGEPRIMARYMMCCT PHASECT OCDSECONDARYTOPLOADBREAKOUTGDTDRIVER + LEADINTERRUPTERFEEDBACKOVERCURRENT
bridge

duty 3.60 %

Every part of the diagram answers for itself. Pick one.

Where the power comes in, what is made of it on the way, and what tells the bridge when to fire. Every part of it answers for itself: pick one.

DC bus

  1. start heresafety

    DRSSTC safety: what in a Tesla coil will actually kill you

    Not the arc. The things on this page are at DC or mains frequency, they are inside the cabinet, and they do not announce themselves.

    9 min readsafety, bleeder, grounding
  2. start heresupply

    The DRSSTC bus capacitor bank: loop, ripple and the volts it sees

    The microfarads are arithmetic and take an afternoon. What ends a bank is the loop it sits in and the volts it actually sees.

    37 min readbus, capacitors, rectifier

The bridge

  1. start herepower stage

    DRSSTC switches: IGBT, MOSFET or SiC, and what each one costs

    One choice that sets both the frequency you can run and how long the bridge lives. Three families, and what each of them makes you pay for elsewhere.

    20 min readIGBT, MOSFET, SiC
  2. power stage

    The DRSSTC bridge: half or full, layout, paralleling, what kills it

    Peak temperature is not the mechanism. The size of the swing tears bond wires over thousands of cycles, a long way below anything on the datasheet.

    22 min readbridge, IGBT, layout
  3. timing

    DRSSTC ZCS against ZVS, and whether a snubber helps or costs

    Turning off exactly at the current zero reads like the ideal and is the opposite. The residual current is what commutates the node, and late kills while early only heats.

    24 min readZVS, ZCS, dead time
  4. power stage

    DRSSTC voltage margin is in the loop, not on the bus

    The bus is the one voltage in a bridge that nothing is actually stressed by. What the silicon stands off is the bus plus whatever the copper around it adds, and that gets measured at thirty volts.

    27 min readbridge, margin, snubber
  5. power stage

    DRSSTC IGBT pulse ratings: the datasheet number is a temperature

    An IGBT's pulse current rating is a sentence about heat with the heat left out. How hot you are willing to arrive is a decision, and the two published answers sit a factor of three apart.

    21 min readbridge, thermal, datasheet
  6. power stage

    What the record says a DRSSTC brick IGBT will take

    Thirty two published machines that held and three that did not, tabulated by one person. Run the two lists against each other and the idea that a switch has a frequency and a current it can take does not survive: one part is on both lists at the same operating point, from the same builder.

    9 min readigbt, record, bridge

Gate drive transformer

  1. start herehow it worksin SSTC

    How to wind a GDT: the gate drive transformer in an SSTC

    The top devices have their emitters on a node that swings by hundreds of volts. You cannot wire logic to that, so the signal goes across magnetically.

    43 min readGDT, gate drive, basics

Driver

  1. start herehow it works

    What a DRSSTC driver does

    Four jobs on one board. Without it the power section is a box of parts, and the frequency it has to find is not a number you can set once.

    11 min readdriver, feedback, basics
  2. driver design

    DRSSTC phase lead: what it is made of, which inductor to fit

    A driver that fires on the current zero is already late. The lead is how you pay that back. What it is made of, which coil delivers it, and the three worries about that coil that turn out to be unfounded.

    23 min readZVS, phase lead, inductor, DRSSTC
  3. driver

    The UD DRSSTC driver boards: which revision you are holding

    The logic core did not change from 2.1 to 2.7, so modifications transfer between revisions. The part designators do not, and that is what wrecks a repair.

    19 min readUD2, UD3, driver, history

Interrupter and modulator

  1. start herecontrol

    The DRSSTC interrupter: bangs per second, ontime and duty

    Bangs per second is the frequency of the note in hertz. There is no best rate, only a note, and two settings on this box kill transistors.

    10 min readinterrupter, MIDI, fibre
  2. safety

    The DRSSTC fibre link, and the fail-safe rule

    A broken fibre must turn the coil off, and the receiver does not do that by itself. Its output is defined in the dark, and on the reference board that input is held at on.

    9 min readfibre, fail-safe, interrupter

Current transformers

  1. start herehow it works

    What a DRSSTC current transformer is, and what it senses

    A ferrite ring on one of the thick conductors. It is how the driver finds out what the tank is doing, and it is the only sense the machine has.

    8 min readcurrent transformer, feedback, basics
  2. protection

    DRSSTC overcurrent protection: OCD, pulse skip and why it fails

    Nothing limits the primary current in a doubly-resonant coil. Test the actual threshold rather than the position of the knob, and start it low.

    17 min readOCD, pulse skip, protection
  3. tuning

    Tuning a DRSSTC by the shape of the primary current envelope

    The primary current across a whole bang is the only tuning evidence a loaded QCW gives you, and it is coarser than it looks. It finds the pole and the runaway, not how far to move the tap.

    10 min readtuning, diagnosis, current
  4. instruments

    Scoping a DRSSTC without killing the scope

    More equipment dies at the bench than in the arc. Never float the scope: it stays earthed and the isolation goes on the circuit under test.

    12 min readsafety, probes, measurement

Tank capacitor

  1. tank

    The DRSSTC MMC is sized by current, not by capacitance

    The nanofarads are the resonance and take an afternoon. The number of capacitors is the ripple current, and it runs backwards from the instinct: fitting larger parts to be safe gives you a bank that carries less.

    23 min readmmc, ripple, datasheet

Primary

  1. start herehow it works

    What a DRSSTC primary is for

    A few turns of heavy copper that are not connected to the secondary anywhere, and are not trying to be.

    10 min readprimary, coupling, basics
  2. tank design

    DRSSTC coupling: how far above critical, and what raising it buys

    Wind the primary tighter and the arc gets longer. It is the first thing anybody tries, and the record holders run the loosest coupling on the list.

    28 min readcoupling, racing sparks, DRSSTC
  3. tank

    DRSSTC primary design: impedance, turns and detuning

    Nobody sets the primary current. It comes out of a division, and the number you actually choose is the impedance of the tank.

    23 min readprimary, coupling, tuning
  4. tuning

    DRSSTC tuning: the two poles, and which one the driver lands on

    Couple a primary to a secondary and the resonance splits in two. The frequency you carefully measured is a mode that no longer exists.

    48 min readpoles, tuning, PLL

Secondary

  1. start herewindingin SSTC

    How to wind and measure a Tesla coil secondary for an SSTC

    Not a transformer winding that happens to be long. Almost everything that goes wrong with one goes wrong because it was wound as though turns were the point.

    25 min readsecondary, racing sparks, grounding
  2. failure

    What a ground strike does to a DRSSTC

    One event, five consequences, and the mild strike is the one that moves the machine to the wrong mode.

    17 min readstrike, poles, feedback
  3. resonator

    A DRSSTC magnifier is not just a longer coil

    Three coils and two couplings, argued for on the coupling the driver can hold. The one head-to-head with figures made less spark per inch of winding than its builder's own two-coil machine.

    23 min readmagnifier, coupling, resonator

Topload

  1. start hereresonatorin SSTC

    What an SSTC topload does, what it costs, and what a QCW changes

    Not an upgrade, a trade. You pay in volts, and volts are what make the arc long. Whether it is worth it depends entirely on how much your arc detunes you.

    34 min readtopload, breakout, tuning

Breakout point

  1. start herehow it works

    What a DRSSTC breakout point is for

    It looks like an afterthought and it is one of the few parts you can actually aim the discharge with. Short beats long, and it is a consumable.

    7 min readbreakout, topload, basics
  2. first run

    DRSSTC no sparks or short sparks: what to check, in what order

    The order to look in, and the order matters: the cheap checks are also the ones that are usually wrong, and none of the three classic causes is a tuning problem.

    13 min readdebugging, tuning, first run

The discharge

  1. start herearc physics

    How a DRSSTC arc grows: steps, branching and shape

    A spark propagates at metres per microsecond. A bang lasts three hundred of them. You get ten centimetres, not seven hundred metres, and that gap explains everything else.

    18 min readarc, streamer, branching

RF ground

  1. start herehow it worksin QCW

    Grounding a QCW: the counterpoise outside, three grounds inside

    The bottom of the secondary has to go somewhere, and it is not the wall socket. Outside the coil the ground is one side of the circuit; inside the driver it is three things that must not be joined.

    16 min readgrounding, counterpoise, isolation