QCW
Quasi-continuous wave, a Tesla coil drive mode; the pieces filed here are written for a ramped DRSSTC
Quasi-continuous wave
QCW ramps the supply rather than switching it on flat, so the arc grows instead of appearing and comes out straight and smooth rather than branching. It is a mode, not a topology. Usually it is put on a DRSSTC, where the tank is tuned and the timing has to be tracked the whole way up the climb; it is also put on a single resonant coil, where it goes by ramped SSTC or QCW SSTC. That one is the simpler machine and the easier place to start: no tank capacitor, so nothing stores a bang and nothing runs away, and the current in the bridge is only ever the current the bridge made. What it gives up is length, and a good deal of it: the part left out is most of what makes a DRSSTC's arc long. Loneoceans' ramped SSTC gets twelve inches off a five inch secondary; the QCW DRSSTC beside it gets seventy off five and a half. Nearly the same coil, and nearly six times the arc. Two machines rather than one machine twice, though: they differ in the bus and the bridge as well as in the tank, so read it as the gap between two real builds and not as what removing one capacitor costs. Either way the ramp costs the same thing, which is that nothing stays still: the frequency falls as the arc loads the secondary, the current climbs, and every timing figure that was a number on a flat burst becomes a curve across the ramp.
tap any part
duty 5.00 %channels 1arc ≈ 80 cm
Every part of the diagram answers for itself. Pick one.
DC bus
- start heresafetyin DRSSTC
DRSSTC safety: what in a Tesla coil will actually kill you
Not the arc. The things on this page are at DC or mains frequency, they are inside the cabinet, and they do not announce themselves.
- start heresupplyin DRSSTC
The DRSSTC bus capacitor bank: loop, ripple and the volts it sees
The microfarads are arithmetic and take an afternoon. What ends a bank is the loop it sits in and the volts it actually sees.
Buck modulator
- start heremodulator
The QCW buck modulator, and why it takes a whole converter
Everything the department is named for happens inside one converter. Pulse skipping has been tried three times in public and nobody got a sword out of it.
- modulator
QCW buck choke, switching frequency and the gate supply
Frequency looks like the cheapest way to a smooth ramp. It is not even the stronger one, and its second price is the gate supply: at 30 kHz on a split rail a two watt module is at or past its limit.
The bridge
- start herepower stagein DRSSTC
DRSSTC switches: IGBT, MOSFET or SiC, and what each one costs
One choice that sets both the frequency you can run and how long the bridge lives. Three families, and what each of them makes you pay for elsewhere.
- power stagein DRSSTC
The DRSSTC bridge: half or full, layout, paralleling, what kills it
Peak temperature is not the mechanism. The size of the swing tears bond wires over thousands of cycles, a long way below anything on the datasheet.
Gate drive transformer
Driver
- start herehow it worksin DRSSTC
What a DRSSTC driver does
Four jobs on one board. Without it the power section is a box of parts, and the frequency it has to find is not a number you can set once.
- gate drive
QCW gate supply for long bangs: amps and millifarads
On a DRSSTC it is a detail. On a QCW it is amps of average current and millifarads of capacitance, and a factor of four here is a dead bridge.
- control
The QCW driver: what changes on it, and how to convert one
What actually has to be touched and why, so that nobody has to work it out by removing components until something changes.
- tuning
How to tune a QCW DRSSTC as the frequency slides down the ramp
A DRSSTC has a frequency. A QCW has a different one at every instant of the bang, and the four things timed against it do not move in the same direction.
Interrupter and modulator
Current transformers
Tank capacitor
- tank
The QCW tank capacitor: chosen on impedance, not on frequency
The smallest part in the machine and the one that sets its current. Chosen on impedance rather than on frequency, since the frequency alone pins neither value down, and then asked for its highest voltage at the end of the ramp, when it is hottest.
- tankin DRSSTC
The DRSSTC MMC is sized by current, not by capacitance
The nanofarads are the resonance and take an afternoon. The number of capacitors is the ripple current, and it runs backwards from the instinct: fitting larger parts to be safe gives you a bank that carries less.
Primary
- start herehow it worksin DRSSTC
What a DRSSTC primary is for
A few turns of heavy copper that are not connected to the secondary anywhere, and are not trying to be.
- primary
QCW primary design: the same part held fifty times longer
The same part, sized by the same arithmetic, holding the current fifty times longer while the frequency walks out from under it. Three published machines, and only one of them wound like a DRSSTC's.
Secondary
Topload
Breakout point
The discharge
- start herehow it works
Why a QCW arc is straight and a DRSSTC's is not
About ten times slower than a DRSSTC's, per cycle. The shape is not a different geometry, it is a different rate of charge delivery.
- open question
Why a QCW arc bends: the community's open question
Nobody knows. The straightness of a QCW arc depends on the room more than on the coil, and not one of the factors has ever been isolated.