QCW
Quasi-continuous wave, a Tesla coil drive mode; the pieces filed here are written for a ramped DRSSTC
Quasi-continuous wave
QCW ramps the supply rather than switching it on flat, so the arc grows instead of appearing and comes out straight and smooth rather than branching. It is a mode, not a topology. Usually it is put on a DRSSTC, where the tank is tuned and the timing has to be tracked the whole way up the climb; it is also put on a single resonant coil, where it goes by ramped SSTC or QCW SSTC. That one is the simpler machine and the easier place to start: no tank capacitor, so nothing stores a bang and nothing runs away, and the current in the bridge is only ever the current the bridge made. What it gives up is length, and a good deal of it: the part left out is most of what makes a DRSSTC's arc long. Loneoceans' ramped SSTC gets twelve inches off a five inch secondary; the QCW DRSSTC beside it gets seventy off five and a half. Nearly the same coil, and nearly six times the arc. Two machines rather than one machine twice, though: they differ in the bus and the bridge as well as in the tank, so read it as the gap between two real builds and not as what removing one capacitor costs. Either way the ramp costs the same thing, which is that nothing stays still: the frequency falls as the arc loads the secondary, the current climbs, and every timing figure that was a number on a flat burst becomes a curve across the ramp.
tap any part
duty 5.00 %channels 1arc ≈ 80 cm
Every part of the diagram answers for itself. Pick one.
Rectifier
DC bus
- start heresupply
The bus bank: sizing the reservoir
A sagging bus eats the top of the ramp and looks exactly like a tuning problem. It is not one, and the reason to fit a doubler is not the voltage. It is the energy.
- start heresafetyin DRSSTC
What will actually kill you
Not the arc. The things on this page are at DC or mains frequency, they are inside the cabinet, and they do not announce themselves.
- supply
A high bus with a low bridge, and where it breaks
The bridge is fed from the buck, not the bank, so it never sees the bus. That opens a trick, and the place it breaks has to be read before it is used.
Buck modulator
- start heremodulator
The buck modulator, and why a whole converter
Everything the department is named for happens inside one converter. Pulse skipping has been tried three times in public and nobody got a sword out of it.
- modulator
Buck choke, switching frequency and the gate supply
Frequency looks like the cheapest way to a smooth ramp. Its second price is the gate supply, and at 30 kHz a two watt module is already past its limit.
The bridge
- start herepower stagein DRSSTC
IGBT or MOSFET, and why SiC is not an upgrade here
One choice that sets both the frequency you can run and how long the bridge lives. And SiC is not the automatic upgrade it looks like.
- start herehow it worksin SSTC
What the bridge does
Four transistors arranged so they can connect the primary across the supply one way round and then the other. Everything else exists to serve it.
- tuningin DRSSTC
Dead time as a fraction of the period
A setting that is sensible at 150 kHz eats a quarter of the period at 365. The same nanoseconds are a completely different setting.
Gate drive transformer
- start herehow it worksin SSTC
What a gate transformer is for
The top devices have their emitters on a node that swings by hundreds of volts. You cannot wire logic to that, so the signal goes across magnetically.
- gate drive
Gate supply for long bangs: amps and millifarads
On a DRSSTC it is a detail. On a QCW it is amps of average current and millifarads of capacitance, and a factor of four here is a dead bridge.
Driver
- start herehow it works
The driver on a QCW
The same four jobs as on any coil. Each of them changes here, and one of them turns into something else entirely.
- control
Converting a DRSSTC driver to run a ramp
What actually has to be touched and why, so that nobody has to work it out by removing components until something changes.
- tuning
The frequency slides, and four things follow it
A DRSSTC has a frequency. A QCW has a different one at every instant of the bang, and the four things timed against it do not move in the same direction.
Interrupter and modulator
- start heremodulator
The shape of the ramp, and what it should be
The most underrated setting on a QCW. Tune for linearity in voltage and the square in power happens by itself; try to build a linear rise in power and you have a different curve.
- modulator
The ramp exponent: the curve is a hump
It is not one axis with a good end and a bad end. It is a hump, and both ends branch for opposite reasons.
Current transformers
Primary
Secondary
Topload
- start herehow it works
The topload on a QCW
It does three jobs, and here the second one matters so much more than the others that the department ends up doing the opposite of everyone else.
- resonator
Why a QCW adds capacitance instead of removing it
Every other coil treats topload capacitance as a cost. This one goes the other way, and putting a bigger toroid on is a three-dimensional move, not a one-dimensional one.
Breakout point
The discharge
- start herehow it works
What a QCW arc is, and why it is straight
A hundred and twenty five times slower than a DRSSTC's, per cycle. The shape is not a different geometry, it is a different rate of charge delivery.
- open question
Why the sword bends: the community's open question
Nobody knows. The straightness of a QCW arc depends on the room more than on the coil, and not one of the factors has ever been isolated.
- scaling
What more power buys: the exponent is a third
The question before every upgrade, and the linear guess overshoots by a factor of three. Four sources, none of them above an exponent of one.
RF ground
- start herehow it works
What RF ground is, and what it is not
The bottom of the secondary has to go somewhere, and it is not the wall socket. The ground is one side of the circuit, not a safety afterthought.
- layout
Grounding a QCW: three grounds and a shorted turn
The subject that kills more QCW drivers than any other, and almost all of it is about not connecting two things that look like they should be connected.